Molecular Function

Here is a list of 20 common biologically functional types of molecules found in the human body, along with their approximate percentage by weight where possible:

1. Water (H2O) - 60-75% of total body weight

2. Proteins - 16-20% of total body weight Examples: enzymes, structural proteins, transport proteins

3. Lipids - 10-15% of total body weight Examples: triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol

4. Carbohydrates - 1-2% of total body weight Examples: glucose, glycogen, cellulose

5. Nucleic acids - 1-2% of total body weight Examples: DNA, RNA

6. Ions Examples: sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+)

7. Vitamins Examples: vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D

8. Minerals Examples: iron, zinc, magnesium

9. Hormones Examples: insulin, cortisol, estrogen

10. Neurotransmitters Examples: dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine

11. Cofactors and coenzymes Examples: NAD+, FAD, coenzyme Q10

12. Antioxidants Examples: glutathione, vitamin E, superoxide dismutase

13. Enzymes Examples: amylase, protease, lipase

14. Immunoglobulins (antibodies) Examples: IgA, IgG, IgM

15. Cytokines Examples: interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor, interferons

16. Growth factors Examples: epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, nerve growth factor

17. Extracellular matrix proteins Examples: collagen, elastin, fibronectin

18. Peptide hormones Examples: oxytocin, vasopressin, growth hormone-releasing hormone

19. Gaseous signaling molecules Examples: nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S)

20. Metabolites Examples: pyruvate, lactate, citrate

Please note that the percentages provided are approximate values and can vary depending on factors such as age, sex, and overall health. Some categories may overlap, as certain molecules have multiple functions or belong to more than one category.